The Paths of Empathy Feeling Others as Yourself

Leslie Jamison would be a bad moral role model. She is imperfect. She drinks too much, she used to cut her wrists and she did an abortion back in time. And moreover, her heart beats too fast. The medical name for such condition is supraventricular tachycardia. Leslie Jamison wrote her first novel, â€Å"The Gin Closet†, in 2011 and recently she published a new book, a collection of essays, called â€Å"The Empathy Exams†. Feel Someones Pain Why do people contemplate the pain of other people? It makes you feel uncomfortable, it is not an experience that will make you feel better. While seeking material for her book, Jamison traveled around the country, trespassed the dangerous territories, visited hospitals, prisons and trials and watched, scrutinized the pain of men and women around her. She studied all forms of pain and its degrees in the attempt to be able to feel it herself and spill it out on the paper. What Is Empathy? In one of her essays Leslie Jamison wrote: â€Å"Empathy isn’t just something that happens to us — a meteor shower of synapses firing across the brain — it’s also a choice we make: to pay attention, to extend ourselves. It’s made of exertion, that dowdier cousin of impulse. Sometimes we care for another because we know we should or because it’s asked for, but this doesn’t make our caring hollow. The act of choosing simply means we’ve committed ourselves to a set of behaviors greater than the sum of our individual inclinations.† Empathy is something, what makes people come out from their comfort zone and enter the dimension of pain of the other creature. It will hurt, but it also might lessen the suffering of the person you decided to empathize. Being Kind Hurts The biggest problem of empathy is that if you once shared pain with someone, pain might fall in love with you and seek you out sometimes. While making her explorations and trying to feel strangers pain, Jamison got into lots of troubles herself. She broke her bones after she fell from a tree in Costa Rica, she got an egg of a botfly under her skin in Bolivia and she got mugged in Nicaragua. But Jamison does not regret any of her misfortunes – the author studied her own pain, as if empathizing herself. Perhaps, Jamisons book will not make you a better person. But the feelings, the emotions, the empathy, hidden within her collection of essays, will not leave your soul untouched. And maybe it proves, that all her explorations were not accomplished in vain.

Essay about Death in Ancient Egyptian Culture - 2526 Words

Every individual experiences the act of death, and most persons experience the death of someone they know of. Whether family, kin, or someone infamous, the living deal with the process of dying. Anthropology seeks to understand the universal process of death ritual and how different cultures deal with death differently. An anthropologist can extract social values of a given culture, past or present, from how death ceremony is practiced. Such values could be regarding political hierarchy or an individual’s status in a society, and about a culture’s spiritual or religious faith. By exploring death ceremony in ancient Egypt, contemporary Hindu death practice in India, and current North American funerary rites, it can be illustrated that†¦show more content†¦Poorer citizens were not buried with a coffin and outer sarcophagi where as wealthier citizens were. Citizens of higher strata were also buried with precious stones and gold. Thus, the socioeconomic structures of specific groups can be analyzed and broken down as to who was a peasant and who was deemed of higher social strata by examining the way ancient Egyptians practiced burial. Regardless of social strata, death and the afterlife were almost always valued by the living in ancient Egypt. The afterlife was birthed and designed for great societal rulers but eventually trickled down and was adopted by other levels of society (Murnane in Obayashi, 1992, p. 42). Death was interpreted as â€Å"new life in another state† by ancient Egypt, and the ultimate goal of immortality could be attained if specific burial arrangements were made for the dead. This was to avoid a final death of the soul known as the â€Å"second death,† and measures such as burial with food, drink, and personal possessions, were taken to aid the soul on its journey into immortality (Murnane in Obayashi, 1992, p. 36). Anthropologists can generally conclude that ancient Egyptians strove for immortality and that their beliefs of transcendence were extremely important to them, given burial sites, tomb art, and various extensive ancient texts. Pyramid texts illustrate deliberate assurance to the deceased that physical death was solely an illusion, thereby insinuating that the actual deathShow MoreRelatedThe Ancient Egyptian Pyramids : The Seven Wonders Of The World1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe Egyptian Pyramids The seven wonders of the world: the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and of course, the Great Pyramids of Giza. (telegraph.co.uk) The Great Pyramids of Giza, built between 2584 and 2561 B.C, are located twelve miles from the capital of egypt, Cairo. (ancient.eu) They were the tallest man made structures in the world for 3800 yearsRead MoreAncient Egypt And Ancient Egyptian Era1123 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Egypt was a civilisation in North-eastern Africa. It is among the oldest civilisations on Earth, thriving as an independent nation from 8,000 BCE to 525 BCE. Ancient Egypt was the preeminent civilisation in the Mediterranean world, being the most culturally advanced nation in every area of human knowledge. From technology to religion– the ancient Egyptian era was the most influential era, especially to the Ancient Greeks. Egyp t’s majesty has long astounded archaeologists, particularly thatRead MoreAncient Egypt And Ancient Egyptian Era1303 Words   |  6 Pagesand is among the oldest civilisations on Earth, thriving as an independent nation from 8,000 BCE to 525 BCE. Ancient Egypt was the preeminent civilisation in the Mediterranean world, being the most culturally advanced nation in every area of human knowledge. From science to technology to the arts and religion – the ancient Egyptian era was the most influential era, especially to the Ancient Greeks and Romans. Egypt’s majesty has long astounded archaeologists, particularly that the Egyptian’s wouldRead MoreAncient Egypt : Religion And Religion1374 Words   |  6 Pagesshared values. Aspects of Egyptian life like law and art were connected with religion. Gods were represented with many things in nature like animals. Religion and life were very combined. Many aspects of Egyptian culture and civilization are connected with religion. Nature aspects like the sun and river is answered with what the gods do in mythology. Ancient Egypt had an organized system with beliefs about the supernatural, belief was an polytheistic one, and part of the culture and lives of people. AllRead MoreThe Egyptian Culture Of Egypt Cleopatra Vii997 Words   |  4 PagesEgyptian cultural dates back to 5500 BCE this was a time when their culture flourished with the rise of technology and the death of the last Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt Cleopatra VII. It is worldwide know today for its amazing, breathtaking monuments Built for honoring the gods of Egyptian lands and celebrating its many great leaders. The Egyptian culture is often mistaken of having an obsession with death this is mistaken with the fact that they are a very proud people of their back ground and theirRead MoreAncient Egypt: From Belief Systems to a Civilization858 Words   |  4 PagesCulture is the basis of any society present on our earth today and therefore of any ancient civilization we have historically come to know. Culture may simply be defined as a â€Å"way of life† but in essence, that can be disembodied into a collection of belief systems based on religion, economy, politics, family, and so on. As with construction companies, schools, or government systems, all people who choose to follow a specific philosophy of life must function as one undivided group- a society. A primeRead MoreThe Mysteries Of Ancient Egypt1572 Words   |  7 PagesMysteries of ancient Egypt attracted the attention of archeologists and ordinary people for many centuries. An enormous impact on the history of Egypt was religion, it shaped the everyday life of all the egyptians. They wanted an afterlife in Aaru, heaven. It was the ultimate goal. People s lives were rotating around religion, and everything that was tangent to it. The peculiarity of religious beliefs of the ancient Egyptians developed because of the geographical location of the state. Around 3000Read MoreWays Of Live Forever By Ancient Egypt And Greek Culture1579 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent. Ancient Egypt and Greece had. Egyptian and Greek culture both had vivid interpretations of immortality as seen through their literary writings and their treatment of everyday life, but both ideals are still expressed in present society. Slight overlaps are seen in Egyptian and Greek cultures in their views of life as a whole. However, when it came to the importance of life and what was required in life these cultures diverged drastically For the Egyptians, the purpose of life and death entailedRead MoreAncient Egypt and Mondern Society981 Words   |  4 Pageshas had a profound impact on daily modern lives was that of Ancient Egypt. Their systems of religion and technological innovation helped not only to leave a permanent impression on the world, but also served to mold both the civilizations that directly followed it as well as society today. The Ancient Egyptian civilization spanned several thousand years and is one of the few societies of the time that came into being independently. â€Å"Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 B.C. with the unificationRead MoreThe Myths Of Ancient Egypt And The Near East1554 Words   |  7 PagesNear East pose as a reflection of each of their respective cultures. The diverse eccentrics from the Greek, Egyptian and Near Eastern myths were all described with characteristics and actions that would reflect their respective cultures. Myths include the mythologies from ancient Egypt, the Near East the Greeks. In Greek culture, a reflection of the quo s of society can be seen in the heroes of their myths. Ian Plant in Myth in the Ancient World 2012 Pg. 79 explains that A hero was the central

Diversity in the Workplace Essay examples - 2349 Words

â€Å"Demographics of the US population have changed dramatically in the last three decades. These changes directly impact the healthcare industry in regard to the patients we serve and our workforce† (Borkowski, 2012). In fact, Voutsas (2011) argues that the U.S workforce is the most demographically heterogeneous workforce in the world and he believes that this is due to major changes and diversity .Borkowski (2012) also states that the significant changes in the US populations has been seen greatly in regards to gender, age ,and race and ethnicity . In 1960, Gathers (2003) reports that white males made up 60 percent of the U.S workplace. In 2000, Gathers (2003) reports that the workforce was composed of approximately 12†¦show more content†¦Thus, for example, he reports that African Americans occupy about 5 percent of healthcare executive positions. The Institute of Diversity in Health Management, maintains that only 1 percent of CEOs in health services organizations are minorities (Gathers, 2003). Weech-Maldonado et al., (2012) believes that these changes have created a more diverse workforce and clientele. Voutsas (2011) believes that the workforce would continue to be diverse in terms of culture, ethnicity, gender, and age. As the population becomes increasely diverse, health care organizations will be required to respond appropriately .Brown and Mack (2011) states that â€Å"in order for American industry to out-innovate the rest of the world diversity matters†. Gathers (2003) is of the opinion that organizations should mirror the communities and societies that they represents .Therefore, Cross (2010) states that organizations must adjust their missions, visions, goals, values, strategies, and cultures in order to reflect the diversity ofShow MoreRelatedDiversity In The Workplace. . Diversity In The Workplace990 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity in the Workplace Diversity in the workplace is imperative even though some commentators argue that too much diversity can be negative. Diversity can lead to staff feeling ‘threatened or even annoyed by persons with views and backgrounds different from their own’ (Barsoux, Strebel and Manzoni, 2010). Instead of inclusivity, diversity can end up causing conflicts, as some staff are reluctant in changing their viewpoints and are less adaptable to change. The discourse relating to diversityRead MoreDiversity Of Diversity At The Workplace942 Words   |  4 PagesIn this week’s integrated article, review, I am focusing on diversity at the workplace. This is a topic very relevant and important for any organizations success. Diversity at the workplace refers to any characteristic that makes people different from one another. Today’s workforce is a diverse mix in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, generational attitudes. It is important for an organization to adopt diversity management practices to bring this diverse mix together into a stable productive unitRead MoreWorkplace Diversity And The Workplace853 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Diversity Many outstanding articles, books, journals and papers have been written regarding the topic of workforce diversity. Some are relatively short papers such as Diversity in the Workplace published by the University of Florida, and seek to provide the reader with a basic understanding of what is meant by workplace diversity, as well as the potential benefits to both employers and employees alike. Other resources can be significantly more in-depth and explore subtopics of workplaceRead MoreDiversity At Workplace Diversity Within The Workplace3281 Words   |  14 Pages1.0 Diversity at workplace Diversity is a very extensive subject and can be in any genre or class; it is difficult to categorize because of its complex nature. According to Res (2012), diversity can be represented as a variety of human aspects pertaining to different societies and cultures in the workforce or can be explained tolerating the differences. On the contrary, diversity is a quest of differences among human beings in safe, positive and nurturing surroundings and moves beyond simple toleranceRead MoreWorkplace Diversity Of The Workplace965 Words   |  4 PagesJob’s face many struggles and challenges each and every day. Workplace diversity is something which is being talked about the most here lately. Out breaks of minimum wage, sexualities, gender, and even your skin color affects what diversity a business would want. Within the business, the professional level is set pretty high due to the superior designers making us able to dress well fashioned. When people step into a business they do not want someone that is going to walk in with a t-shirt and gymRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace964 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Abstract Select (highlight) this text and then begin typing your abstract, which should be limited to one paragraph of not more than 120 words A Survey of Organizational Culture and its Effectiveness on Managing Diversity in the Workplace Diversity in the workplace is a relatively new concept that has been attracting considerable attention from the executives of most businesses. â€Å"Ongoing demographic trends (increasing percentages of African-AmericansRead MoreThe Diversity At The Workplace747 Words   |  3 PagesThomas (1992) entails the diversity at workplace in terms of all ancestry, ethnicity, age, gender, race, educational background, sexual orientation, marital status, religious belief, income, geographic location and work experience. The mobility in human resource trend is emerging within the competitive market that requires more strategic role on account of human resource management. Organizations may fall in dire consequences of outplaying by other competitors in strategic employment. Nowadays, workforceRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace1096 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Diversity in the Workplace Amber Barger ORG536 – Contemporary Business Writing and Communication Colorado State University –Global Campus Dr. Phillip Jackson November 26, 2013 DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE As companies start to regain their footing after the recent economic downturn, 2 factors such as the rising number of immigrants, mergers of large corporations, the popular use of temporary workers and the increasing globalization of business,Read MoreDiversity in the Workplace714 Words   |  3 PagesDiversity in the Workplace Introduction Workplaces are becoming increasingly diverse, and this is a dynamic that is causing some tension between and among employees. What are the positives and negatives of diversity in the workplace? America is a place with a great diversity of cultures, but sometimes in the workplace cultural values can clash and this paper discusses the why and how of those issues. The Literature Why are workplaces becoming more diverse, and why does diversity in a companyRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace1465 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Diversity in the Workplace As stated in our book, workplace diversity is defined as â€Å"diversity at work means having a workface comprised of two or more groups of employees with various racial, ethic, gender, cultural, national origin, handicap, age, and religious backgrounds†. There are many positives and also negatives of diversity in the workplace. Some of the negatives from workplace diversity are stereotyping, discrimination, tokenism, ethnocentrism, and also gender- role stereotypes. Some

1999 Baseball Umpires Resignation - 919 Words

The Major League Umpires Association (MLUA) was the union that represented Major League Umpires from 1970 to 1999. The MLUA ended up being decertified and replaced by the World Umpires Association (WUA) when Richie Phillips, the head of the MLUA since 1978 and known for his combative, antagonistic style, announced in July 1999 that 57 of the league’s 66 MLUA members would submit resignations effective September 2nd. Richie Phillips assumption that the threat of the resignation of the umpires would force the Major League Baseball (MLB) back to the negotiating table to sign a new contract was erroneous and the scheme led to disastrous results for 22 of the umpires who handed in their resignations and had them accepted. In the end 11 umpires never got their jobs back and went on to retirement or other jobs. The MLUA umpires had struck several times in previous years (1979, 1984 and 1991) and had been locked out for the first days of the start of the 1995 baseball season under Richie Phillips tutorage. Each of these previous work stoppages had worked out in the umpires favor; they enjoyed huge increases in their pay scale, more job security, and better vacations. The MLB and MLUA always had caustic labor relations and tensions were soaring in the summer of 1999 as the MLUA’s five year labor agreement was entering its final year. The MLUA had great concerns with some major changes proposed by the MLB to the strike zone, umpire evaluations and staff consolidation but were

Introduction To Financial Management Free Essays

Define the terms finance and financial management, and identify the major sub-areas of finance. Finance is the study of applying specific value to things individuals own to include services used and decisions determined [Finance by Cornett, M. M. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction To Financial Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now , Adair, T. A., Nofsinger J. (2014). M: Finance (2nd ed.)]. In simple words, finance is how much value is attributable to goods and services and the basis of such attribution. Financial management may be defined as the management of the finances of a business or an organization in order to achieve the financial objectives. It includes creation, effective utilization of funds to ensure the smooth functioning of the business. It encompasses planning, administration and controlling. The various sub areas of finance are: 1.Investments – deals with deciding on what kinds of securities/bonds the company can buy. 2.Financial management – management of finances to ensure that the financial objectives are reached 3.Financial institutions and markets – these two sub areas facilitate the raising of capital funds by the company. â€Å"What are the three basic forms of business ownership? What are the advantages and disadvantages to each† (Cornett, Adair, Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21)? The three basic forms of business ownership are sole proprietorship, partnership and corporation. A sole proprietorship is where the business is run by a single person. The advantages of this form of ownership are as follows: †¢This is the easiest form of business to start †¢This is affected least by regulations †¢There is no question of share of profits. The owner gets to retain the full share †¢The profits are taxed only once as business income. The disadvantages of this form of ownership is as follows: †¢The life of the company is limited to the life of the owner. There will be no continuity once the owner dies. †¢The capital invested in the business is limited to the resources available with the owner. The scope of raising external finance is limited †¢The owner undertakes the entire risk of the business †¢The liability of the owner is unlimited and may extend to his personal assets also A partnership is that form of business ownership where more than one person work together based on an agreement to share the profits and losses. The advantages are as follows: †¢More than one owner is there in business and hence the risk is shared †¢Each partner will contribute capital and hence more capital will be available †¢This is also relatively easier to start compared to a corporation †¢The income from this type of ownership is taxed once as personal income The disadvantages of a partnership is as follows: †¢The profits are shared between the partners. Hence, when compared to a sole proprietorship there is lesser profits †¢Generally, the liability of the partners is unlimited (except in the case of a limited liability) †¢ It is difficult to transfer ownership A corporation is a separate legal entity whose transactions and conduct of the business is separate from its owners. Corporations can borrow money, sue and be sued in its own name. The advantages of a corporation are as follows: †¢The liability is limited to the amount paid on stock by the investor †¢The corporation has an unlimited life †¢There is separation of ownership and management as the corporation is a separate legal entity †¢Transfer of ownership is easy †¢As a corporation, it is easier to raise capital from equity and debt market The disadvantages are: †¢The agency problem arises as there is separation of management and ownership †¢There is double taxation – the business income is taxed in the hands of the corporate and the dividends is taxed in the hands of the shareholders as dividend income Define the terms agency relationship and agency problem, and list the three approaches to minimize the conflict of interest resulting from the agency problem. An agency relationship is where a principal hires another person (called an agent) to carry out the work of the principal in a fiduciary capacity. In case of a corporation, the board of directors who constitute  the top management are the agents elected by the principals (stockholders) to carry on the business. An agency problem is where there is a conflict between the agent and principal in terms of functioning and in terms of interest. There are many ways to minimize the conflict of interest. However the three most important are as follows: 1.Ignore the challenge on hand: This is the least preferred way of resolving the problem. The stakeholders may resolve to ignore the problem on hand. The disadvantage is that the problem continues to remain a problem and is never solved. In this case, the problem may go out of control. 2.Monitor manager’s action: The shareholders may monitor the management’s action closely to ensure that the situation is not going out of control. 3.Make manager’s take ownership By giving the managers a portion in the capital of the company in the form of say ESOP, the manager will also have a moral responsibility imposed on him to make decisions and act in the best interests of the company. â€Å"Why is ethical behavior so important in the field of finance† (Cornett, Adair, Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21)? A corporation is a type of ownership where the management is separated from the ownership. The shareholders are the owners who have invested their money in the form of equity capital. It is the management’s responsibility to spend the money judiciously. Since the management is handling other people’s money, ethical behavior plays a very important role in the field of finance. Some of the many famous financial scandals are: (accounting-degree, 2013) †¢Waste management scandal: This is a Houston based company which reported $1.7 billion fake earnings. †¢Enron: This was a Houston based commodities, energy and service corporation where the shareholders lost $74 billion dollars. †¢Worldcom scandal: A telecommunications company inflated the assets by as much as $11 billion. †¢Tyco: New Jersey based swiss security company where the CEO and CFO stole $150 million and inflated company income by $500 million †¢Satyam scandal: Indian IT services company falsely boosted revenue by $1.5 billion â€Å"Does the goal of shareholder wealth maximization conflict with behaving ethically? Explain† (Cornett, Adair, Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21). The most important goal of management is to ensure that there is maximization of shareholder’s  wealth. This means that over a long period of time, the value of the stock has to increase steadily so as to ensure maximum profits to the shareholders. However, there is always a question on whether the maximization goal conflicts with ethics. While the goal of wealth maximization is very important, it should not be done in an unethical way. The affairs of the company has to be conducted in such a way that it adheres to all government regulations, accounting principles and ethical standards. Examples of unethical ways to increase the wealth is window dressing, violating regulations, etc. All these cannot be cited as an excuse to ensure that the goal of maximization is reached. How to cite Introduction To Financial Management, Essays Introduction To Financial Management Free Essays Define the terms finance and financial management, and identify the major sub-areas of finance. Finance is the study of applying specific value to things individuals own to include services used and decisions determined [Finance by Cornett, M. M. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction To Financial Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now , Adair, T. A., Nofsinger J. (2014). M: Finance (2nd ed.)]. In simple words, finance is how much value is attributable to goods and services and the basis of such attribution. Financial management may be defined as the management of the finances of a business or an organization in order to achieve the financial objectives. It includes creation, effective utilization of funds to ensure the smooth functioning of the business. It encompasses planning, administration and controlling. The various sub areas of finance are: 1.Investments – deals with deciding on what kinds of securities/bonds the company can buy. 2.Financial management – management of finances to ensure that the financial objectives are reached 3.Financial institutions and markets – these two sub areas facilitate the raising of capital funds by the company. â€Å"What are the three basic forms of business ownership? What are the advantages and disadvantages to each† (Cornett, Adair, Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21)? The three basic forms of business ownership are sole proprietorship, partnership and corporation. A sole proprietorship is where the business is run by a single person. The advantages of this form of ownership are as follows: †¢This is the easiest form of business to start †¢This is affected least by regulations †¢There is no question of share of profits. The owner gets to retain the full share †¢The profits are taxed only once as business income. The disadvantages of this form of ownership is as follows: †¢The life of the company is limited to the life of the owner. There will be no continuity once the owner dies. †¢The capital invested in the business is limited to the resources available with the owner. The scope of raising external finance is limited †¢The owner undertakes the entire risk of the business †¢The liability of the owner is unlimited and may extend to his personal assets also A partnership is that form of business ownership where more than one person work together based on an agreement to share the profits and losses. The advantages are as follows: †¢More than one owner is there in business and hence the risk is shared †¢Each partner will contribute capital and hence more capital will be available †¢This is also relatively easier to start compared to a corporation †¢The income from this type of ownership is taxed once as personal income The disadvantages of a partnership is as follows: †¢The profits are shared between the partners. Hence, when compared to a sole proprietorship there is lesser profits †¢Generally, the liability of the partners is unlimited (except in the case of a limited liability) †¢ It is difficult to transfer ownership A corporation is a separate legal entity whose transactions and conduct of the business is separate from its owners. Corporations can borrow money, sue and be sued in its own name. The advantages of a corporation are as follows: †¢The liability is limited to the amount paid on stock by the investor †¢The corporation has an unlimited life †¢There is separation of ownership and management as the corporation is a separate legal entity †¢Transfer of ownership is easy †¢As a corporation, it is easier to raise capital from equity and debt market The disadvantages are: †¢The agency problem arises as there is separation of management and ownership †¢There is double taxation – the business income is taxed in the hands of the corporate and the dividends is taxed in the hands of the shareholders as dividend income Define the terms agency relationship and agency problem, and list the three approaches to minimize the conflict of interest resulting from the agency problem. An agency relationship is where a principal hires another person (called an agent) to carry out the work of the principal in a fiduciary capacity. In case of a corporation, the board of directors who constitute  the top management are the agents elected by the principals (stockholders) to carry on the business. An agency problem is where there is a conflict between the agent and principal in terms of functioning and in terms of interest. There are many ways to minimize the conflict of interest. However the three most important are as follows: 1.Ignore the challenge on hand: This is the least preferred way of resolving the problem. The stakeholders may resolve to ignore the problem on hand. The disadvantage is that the problem continues to remain a problem and is never solved. In this case, the problem may go out of control. 2.Monitor manager’s action: The shareholders may monitor the management’s action closely to ensure that the situation is not going out of control. 3.Make manager’s take ownership By giving the managers a portion in the capital of the company in the form of say ESOP, the manager will also have a moral responsibility imposed on him to make decisions and act in the best interests of the company. â€Å"Why is ethical behavior so important in the field of finance† (Cornett, Adair, Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21)? A corporation is a type of ownership where the management is separated from the ownership. The shareholders are the owners who have invested their money in the form of equity capital. It is the management’s responsibility to spend the money judiciously. Since the management is handling other people’s money, ethical behavior plays a very important role in the field of finance. Some of the many famous financial scandals are: (accounting-degree, 2013) †¢Waste management scandal: This is a Houston based company which reported $1.7 billion fake earnings. †¢Enron: This was a Houston based commodities, energy and service corporation where the shareholders lost $74 billion dollars. †¢Worldcom scandal: A telecommunications company inflated the assets by as much as $11 billion. †¢Tyco: New Jersey based swiss security company where the CEO and CFO stole $150 million and inflated company income by $500 million †¢Satyam scandal: Indian IT services company falsely boosted revenue by $1.5 billion â€Å"Does the goal of shareholder wealth maximization conflict with behaving ethically? Explain† (Cornett, Adair, Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21). The most important goal of management is to ensure that there is maximization of shareholder’s  wealth. This means that over a long period of time, the value of the stock has to increase steadily so as to ensure maximum profits to the shareholders. However, there is always a question on whether the maximization goal conflicts with ethics. While the goal of wealth maximization is very important, it should not be done in an unethical way. The affairs of the company has to be conducted in such a way that it adheres to all government regulations, accounting principles and ethical standards. Examples of unethical ways to increase the wealth is window dressing, violating regulations, etc. All these cannot be cited as an excuse to ensure that the goal of maximization is reached. How to cite Introduction To Financial Management, Essays

Critical Analysis of Case Study on Disability- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCritical Analysis of Case Study on Disability. Answer: Disability is termed as a disadvantageous condition that may pertain to cognitive approach, developmental process, intellectual potency and mental, physical and sensory health. Such conditions considerably affect an individuals life and might be present since birth that is congenital or can be caused during life time due to accidents or other psychosomatic complications. Disability is a broader term that encompasses impairment of various forms. These include participation prohibition, activity restriction and difficulty in carrying out general tasks. Disability is not only associated with one individuals limitation but it also reflects on the relationship between the individual and the society he or she lives in. Disability is a much deliberated issue. It carries different meaning for different communities. The term may point towards physical and mental anomalies that can be addressed by the respective medical care (Shakespeare, 2013). The social model of disability focuses more on the social constraints and how the surroundings society perceives the disability condition and concerned quality of life. The way to define disability was of prime concern in UK and US in 1970s and at that time the medical model used to persist as the sole mode of explanation of such conditions. Debates have prevailed in the community and legal guidelines were set up to acknowledge disability conditions and therefore make necessary provisions within the scope of formal healthcare (Campbell Oliver, 2013). There are special benefit packages as well for the disabled people in the sector of private health care. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) generated by World Health Organization makes a distinction in between the body function and body structure. Disability in the structure or function can be defined as involving a loss or other significant variation from certain points generally known as popul ation standards, which might change from time to time (Fulcher, 2015). Activity can be defined as the implementation of an action or task. This particular essay focuses on the understandable facets of mental retardedness as a potential disability up on choosing it from the memoir, the influence of mental impairment on personal and family life, influence of mental impairment in social life and roles of human service professionals. The human service professionals who work in this field are required to be humanitarian in their perspective and aspect. Mental retardation is an everlasting condition that can be characterized by sub average intelligence. It can cause limitations in adaptive function and the learning process of a person. Persons suffering from mental retardation might be able to stay freely in the society. They can also attain various levels of job which mainly depends upon the severity. The increase in the severity causes the increase in need of training which will help in support to complete the daily tasks. This part describes about the health conditions of people living with different types of mental retardation. Mental retardation happens in all races and societies, despite the fact that there is a bigger pervasiveness in general among the male persons than ladies. Roughly 1-3% of the populace is affected among all. The greater part (around 85%) is named having mild seriousness, around 10% of cases have moderate and approximately 4% of people is having extreme mental retardation. The time of beginning normally re lies upon the cause for the mental retardation. Generally, mental retardation can be caused by any circumstances which disturb the development of brain during birth or in childhood. Mental retardation unless congenital can be caused due to several factors which include Down syndrome, hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, lead poisoning, fanconi anemia and phenylketoneuria. There could be some procedural malfunction in case of in vitro fertilization that might lead to mental retardation later on (Sandin et al, 2013). Down syndrome is the most common mental disorder in US and it happens due to delay in development and chromosomal aberration. Hydrocephalus is a brain condition in which water gets accumulated in the brain causing retardation in brain function. Cerebral palsy is a consortium of symptoms that affects muscular movement and associated coordination (Werne Stawski, 2012). Lead is a toxic metal and very poisonous affecting the brain cells in negative manner. Fanconi anemia is responsible for bone marrow failure. The bone marrow is responsible for generation of three types of blood cells. Some mental retardedness can be congenital and is associated with the brain volume during the birth and the parts or lobes of the brain. It may also appear during the developmental stages of a kid and the upbringing in a closely knit social environment (Brereton, Tonge Einfeld, 2006). Specifically, potential causes include, chromosomal deficiency such as Downs syndrome, inherited disorders such as Fragile X syndrome, metabolism defects, injury in brain or infection due to insufficiency in oxygen during birth, premature birth, low weight during birth, malnutrition of the fetus, drug or alcohol misuse during pregnancy, infections from the mother and severe emotional abuse. Unfortunately, in many cases, no particular reason can be identified despite the fact that the probability of recognizing the specific reason which increases the seriousness of mental retardation. Mental illness can be aggravated by the occurrence of physical problems. The case study in the memoir shows the subject had some developing problems in the childhood that might have alienated from other usual community people and general fondness in upbringing. When the subject was about three, she had signs of malnutrition (Rosenberg Abbeduto, 2013). Though not skeletal, she was blue and would bruise at the slightest touch. Her eyelashes would come out in large quantities, and my gums bled. Her parents thought she had leukemia, and took for a blood test. The doctor took some blood from ear-lobe. She was intrigued by a multicolored cardboard wheel the doctor had given me. She also had hearing tests because, although she mimicked everything, it appeared that she was deaf. Intellectual disability is also another aspect of mentally retarded people along with other associated factors. Intellectual disability is also alternatively known as general learning disability and mental retardati on. It is a disorder of neural development can start from the very onset of childhood. It can affect intellectual and adaptive functioning. The general living condition becomes pathetically severe (Patja at al., 2000). As it can be seen in the case study where the subject used to get called alternatively as Polly or Dolly. Dolly has faced discrimination from her mother as a retarded or troubled child. She was neglected in a dysfunctional family where accurate level of affection was not provided to the child. Her grandmothers demeanor was to be perceived by her as friendly and not threat some. All these aspects contribute to the psychosomatic condition of the concerned individual that has imparted considerably to the generation of psychological intricacy from the very beginning. There are some aspects associated with the mental health illness and peer pressure. Peer pressure is the term that can be applied in cases where people of same age and background are in to consideration. The peers in this case with respect to Dolly or Polly are the elder brothers and the cousins. It was eminent that though the subject was comfortable with some of her cousins but she was not equally sociable and lovable by her antiques as compared to them. She was comfortable with her aunt who was fond of brushing her hair. But in this regard also, her personal considerations regarding her aunt poses some questions regarding the psyche of them child as she evaluates the situation in a manner of aberration. The mystic and fancy characters used to attract the case study subject as mentioned within the case study. This gives an insight to the fondness of the subject and clearly suggests that she was unable to cope up with common day pressures. The entire analysis of the case study that will be further elaborated in the later section will further have an insight into the problem constraints of the case study. Mental illness may strike a person or a group of persons in various ways. Mental illness can be dormant as childhood factors in the concerned individual or that can an added disadvantageous toll of chemical abuse. Mental illness simply tells that the brain orientation is no proper that can be perceived natural by the ambience society (Zigler Balla, 2013). The quality of life of the affected family becomes the primary concern (Verdugo et al., 2012). The case study suggests that the family had a point of conflict regarding the future of the subject who was not being able to cope up with the surroundings development. The father wanted her to stay at home while her mother wanted to send her to an institution. This gives an insight into the dilemma of the family members of the patients. The family members become co addict in their so called own right after being associated with the diseased person for long and think in commune with the special need of the subject (Macklin Gaylin, 2013). There should be special counseling in this regard required for the family members as well. There can be two aspects in this regard. One is how mental retardedness affects the ambient social life and how the social influences aggravate the mental health condition. Mental retardation can be perceived in nationalistic perspective as well in which it can be argued that mentally retarded population in turn turns the country weak. Mentally challenged people cannot go to war and their brains processing power will also be less. So they will always b e regarded as someone inferior kind. Mentally challenged people can be best example of brain functional model. During the past 40 to 50 years there have been numerous changes in our society with respect to the management and treatment of people with disabilities. In addition, there has been much advancement in medical care (Mefford, Batshaw Hoffman, 2012). As a result, most of these individuals reside in the community rather than institutions and depend upon community-based private practitioners for oral health care. Some schools of t houghts suggest that brain damage is not the sole cause of mental retardation but rather the environmental and social factors do also play crucial role in this regard. There have been new terms proposed for the mentally retarded people which are focusing more on intellectual disability and logical reasoning capability. The level of anxiety associated is always detrimental (String et al., 2012). This difficulty is more aggravated with social stigma. The actual make up of the brain and mind of a mentally retarded person is extremely susceptible and fragile to external expletives. This complicates the situation. The toll of mentally retarded people on a nation or society is no less than a magnanimous burden. It can affect the natural growth and progression of a civilized society at the same time the respective civilized society also has to be empathetic to its inhabitants focusing on the extractable qualities of such individuals which might affect the society in a broader perspective i n future. The social life of the family as seen in the case study was totally plundered as they were indecisive about Polly or Dolly and could not understand the propensity of the subject relating to her early physical complications and lack of mental growth and conviviality during childhood. The staffs who work in this sector to help mentally impaired patients with or without additional physical difficulty and their families are supposed to be trained specially. A special training usually gets provided to the staffs so that they can understand the special needs of the patients they are dealing with. They are usually taught to be extra cautious and humanitarian in making considerations and decisions as the persons who are disabled are highly susceptible to mental agony and bad behaviors (Bar off Oley, 2014). The staffs are usually given and should be given a light concept of the underlying reason of the mental illness so that they can understand the logical basis of the requirements of the patients. This further education to the staffs working in this field also helps in educating patient parties about the possible steps or outcomes in the situations having such specific needs. This in turn helps to be empathetic to the subject patients and thus neglect the ill conventio n of stigma that is pervasive around this kind of people. Mental retardation is a permanent condition, however the majority of individuals with mental retardation can get complete, individualized projects that are aimed for instructing the abilities that are important to build their level of freedom: reading, composing, and essential math, dealing with individual needs such as dressing, washing; speaking with others, home living such as cooking, cleaning the house; social aptitudes and wellbeing and security. Social projects are likewise imperative for the person with mental impediment to increase confidence. In early adulthood, treatment is additionally guided at learning professional aptitudes to help business; contribution in the workforce enhances versatile abilities and the achievement of group living. Enthusiastic help for the family is additionally a vital piece of treatment. The workers who are professionals also need to come out of their professional area sometimes and be a ttached personally to the patient who seeks tender human sentiments in most of the time (Emerson, 2012). This kind of profession is included in some form of social service as well. The workers must keep in mind that their job profile is a generous or charitable profession not aiming at the monetary rewards and perks solely. Hence, they need to consider it as an alternative form of social service. This can be thus concluded that mentally retarded patients are very much vulnerable to external environments harsh factors. They might develop additional physical abnormalities as well that requires to be treated by medical care. The prime role in making lives of these people better is of family members who are needed to be educated accordingly. The professional workers play a vaster role addressing such problems on bigger platforms like civic society. 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